Phlorotannin Extracts from Fucales Characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn: Approaches to Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Capacity and Antioxidant Properties

Purified phlorotannin extracts from four brown seaweeds (Cystoseira nodicaulis (Withering) M. Roberts, Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, Cystoseira usneoides (Linnaeus) M. Roberts and Fucus spiralis Linnaeus), were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSⁿ. Fucophloroethol, fucodiphloroethol, fucotriphloroethol, 7-phloroeckol, phlorofucofuroeckol and bieckol/dieckol were identified. The antioxidant activity and the hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitory capacity exhibited by the extracts were also assessed. A correlation between the extracts activity and their chemical composition was established. F. spiralis, the species presenting higher molecular weight phlorotannins, generally displayed the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 2.32 mg/mL dry weight) and the strongest HAase inhibitory capacity (IC₅₀ = 0.73 mg/mL dry weight). As for superoxide radical scavenging, C. nodicaulis was the most efficient species (IC₅₀ = 0.93 mg/mL dry weight), followed by F. spiralis (IC₅₀ = 1.30 mg/mL dry weight). These results show that purified phlorotannin extracts have potent capabilities for preventing and slowing down the skin aging process, which is mainly associated with free radical damage and with the reduction of hyaluronic acid concentration, characteristic of the process.     

Comparative Effects of Fish and Cow Gelatins and Locust Bean Gum on Chemical,Textural, and Sensory Properties of Yogurt

ABSTRACT

Yogurt is a traditional dairy product widely consumed all over the world. Syneresis, which is a result of lower water holding capacity, is a big concern and an important quality parameter. In this study, the efficiency of locust bean gum and different gelatins (fish skin, fish scale, and bovine skin) in preventing syneresis was investigated. Samples were stored at 4°C for 2 weeks, a typical shelf life of yogurt, and analyzed periodically for quality parameters. Syneresis, viscosity, and water holding capacity of the control and gum added samples were almost identical, while gelatin added samples were generally significantly improved (p < 0.05).     

间接ELISA法研究嗜水气单胞菌对鳗鲡表皮黏液的黏附特性

采用间接ELISA法研究菌浓度、孵育时间、温度、pH、阳离子及碳源等因子对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)黏附鳗鲡(Anguilla anguilla)表皮黏液的影响。结果表明, 改良后的间接ELISA法的检测灵敏度约为9.92×10⁴ CFU, 细菌的黏附量随菌浓度的升高而逐渐增大并符合饱和黏附动力学方程: y=0.135ln(x)-0.936(R²= 0.986); 嗜水气单胞菌黏附鳗鲡表皮黏液的最佳条件为: 温度20~28℃, pH 6.2~6.6, NaCl、MgCl₂质量浓度分别为15~25 g/L和3 g/L, 孵育时间为150 min。碳源对嗜水气单胞菌的黏附作用有不同程度的影响, 葡萄糖和麦芽糖能显著提高嗜水气单胞菌的黏附量(P<0. 05), 果糖则显著降低嗜水气单胞菌的黏附量(P<0. 05)。以上结果说明, 嗜水气单胞菌对鳗鲡表皮黏液具有较强的黏附作用, 且其黏附作用具有可控性。

     

Characterization of Collagen from Different Discarded Fish Species of the West Coast of the Iberian Peninsula

ABSTRACT

Skin collagen of six discarded fish species was analyzed and compared. Acid soluble collagen (ASC) was extracted; a characteristic sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profile for type I collagen was obtained, except for Chimaera mostrosa. Contents of collagen calculated from HPro (31.85% average) were higher than those determined from ASC extracts (17.75% average), with Galeus spp. being the species with the higher percentage. Amino acid analysis revealed the typical composition of collagen, with very few differences among species. Specific profiles were obtained after protease digestion. Denaturation temperature of ASC correlated well with imino and hydroxyproline contents.

Results demonstrate the feasibility of using the obtained collagens in different industrial applications.     

一种导流洞快速封堵方式的研究与应用

九峰水库导流洞采用"埋设钢管拍门"方法对导流洞进口段进行突击封堵,解决了由于其他因素使得施工组织断档而出现的封堵混凝土排架及混凝土门槽缺位问题,起到工程应急作用。经多个工程实践证明该方法简便、经济,可为中小型水库等同类型工程导流洞封堵借鉴。     

罗非鱼(Tilapia)鱼皮提取明胶的工艺优化

以罗非鱼(Tilapia)鱼皮为原料,分别用碱法、酸法、酶法进行前处理,对3种方法的提取效果进行比较,筛选出最佳水解方法为酶法。优化了酶法处理后的漂白、熬胶工艺,获得鱼皮提取明胶的最佳工艺。结果显示,前处理采用0.2%的混合酶,调p H值至3.5,于40℃水浴中酶水解鱼皮1 h,用6%高锰酸钾溶液进行氧化漂白3 h,再用1.5%草酸溶液进行还原漂白45 min。控制p H值为5?6,分3次熬胶,每次分别将水浴加热升温至60℃、65℃、70℃,各加热2 h,过滤后将3次胶液合并,在真空度不低于500 mm Hg,温度不超过60℃的情况下浓缩至20%左右。然后在60℃的鼓风干燥箱干燥至明胶含水量14%以下,经粉碎机粉碎,即可得成品明胶。该工艺产品得率19.93%(湿基)、粘度13.1 m Pa·s、凝胶强度1034.3 g/cm2。     

从羊皮肤组织中提取总RNA方法的改进

在借鉴动物组织RNA提取方法的基础上,结合使用RNAlater保存液和Trizol试剂,改进了提取步骤和反应体系。利用改良的总RNA提取方法,从羊皮肤组织中快速、高效地提取了高质量总RNA,提取的总RNA可满足基于RNA分析技术的相关分子生物学试验需要。     

丁鱼岁“腐皮病”病原菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

为了确定丁鱼岁腐皮病的病原菌,为该病的诊断和防治提供科学依据。采用细菌常规分离方法,从丁鱼岁体表病灶部位、内脏及血液分离出优势菌株GXZ01,对其进行了生理生化特性、人工感染试验及药敏试验研究。结果表明：（1）菌株GXZ01是温和气单胞菌。（2）该菌呈短杆状,长度约为0.7~1.1 μm,属革兰氏阴性菌;（3）该菌对氧哌嗪青霉素、氟哌酸、菌必治等8种抗生素敏感,对丙氟哌酸、氨苄青霉素等4种药物中度敏感,对青霉素和乙酰螺旋霉素不敏感。表明温和气单胞菌是致病菌,可以导致丁鱼岁腐皮病的发生,这尚属首次报道,将对该鱼的病害防治和健康养殖有着重要的指导意义。     

Mitf-M在羊驼皮肤组织的表达与序列分析及免疫组织化学定位

【目的】克隆羊驼皮肤组织表达的Mitf-M CDS序列,比较分析羊驼皮肤组织Mitf-M的特征,进一步定位分析Mitf-M蛋白表达的位置,为深入研究羊驼毛色基因表达机制奠定基础。【方法】采用RT-PCR扩增方法分段扩增Mitf-M CDS区,分别利用Clustal X和BioEdit生物学软件对氨基酸序列进行多重序列比较分析,免疫组织化学技术对Mitf-M蛋白定位分析。【结果】羊驼皮肤组织表达的Mitf-M的CDS区由419个氨基酸组成,具有bHLH-zip转录家族的保守结构域,该基因与牛和犬亲缘关系最近,Mitf-M蛋白主要分布于羊驼皮肤组织毛球基底层细胞之间与毛乳头周围的黑色素细胞中。【结论】与其它物种相比较,羊驼皮肤组织表达的Mitf-M蛋白保守性很强,在进化过程中的变异不大,可见Mitf-M为毛发的色素沉积提供重要的物质基础。